📍 Prepositions & Pronouns — Prepositions are words that show relationships between nouns/pronouns and other words in a sentence (time, place, direction). Pronouns replace nouns to avoid repetition. This lesson covers common prepositions, personal pronouns (subject, direct object, indirect object), prepositional pronouns, reflexive pronouns, and contractions with pronunciation guides in Urdu and English.
🔊 Click the Listen button next to each word to hear the pronunciation using Text-to-Speech.
💡 Key Rule: In Portuguese, object pronouns (me, te, o, a, nos, vos, os, as) usually come before the verb (unlike English). Prepositional pronouns (mim, ti, ele, ela, etc.) come after prepositions.
📍 Common Prepositions
Essential prepositions of time, place, and movement.
| # | Preposition | Pronunciation (English) | تلفظ (Urdu) | Meaning (English) | معنی (Urdu) | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | a | a | آ | to / at / in | کو / پر / میں | |
| 2 | para | pa-ra | پارا | to / for | کو / لیے | |
| 3 | por | por | پور | by / for / through | کے ذریعے / لیے | |
| 4 | de | dee | دی | of / from | کا / سے | |
| 5 | em | eng | این | in / on / at | میں / پر | |
| 6 | com | kong | کون | with | ساتھ | |
| 7 | sem | seng | سین | without | بغیر | |
| 8 | sobre | so-bre | سوبری | on / about | پر / بارے میں | |
| 9 | entre | en-tre | اینتری | between | درمیان | |
| 10 | até | a-te | آتے | until / up to | تک | |
| 11 | contra | kon-tra | کونترا | against | کے خلاف | |
| 12 | perto de | per-to dee | پیرتو دی | near | قریب |
📌 Contractions:
• a + o = ao | a + a = à | a + os = aos | a + as = às
• de + o = do | de + a = da | de + os = dos | de + as = das
• em + o = no | em + a = na | em + os = nos | em + as = nas
👤 Subject Pronouns
Subject pronouns are used as the subject of a sentence (the doer of the action).
| # | Pronoun | Pronunciation (English) | تلفظ (Urdu) | Meaning (English) | معنی (Urdu) | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | eu | ay-oo | ایو | I | میں | |
| 2 | tu | too | تو | you (inf., sing.) | تم (غیر رسمی) | |
| 3 | você | vo-say | ووسے | you (formal/sing.) | آپ (رسمی) | |
| 4 | ele | e-le | ایلی | he | وہ (مرد) | |
| 5 | ela | e-la | ایلا | she | وہ (خاتون) | |
| 6 | nós | nos | نوس | we | ہم | |
| 7 | vós | vos | ووس | you (pl., inf.) | تم لوگ | |
| 8 | vocês | vo-says | ووسیس | you (pl.) | آپ لوگ | |
| 9 | eles | e-les | ایلیس | they (masc.) | وہ (مرد) | |
| 10 | elas | e-las | ایلس | they (fem.) | وہ (خواتین) |
📌 Note:
• In Brazil, você is used widely for both formal and informal situations.
• Tu is more common in Portugal and some regions of Brazil.
🎯 Direct & Indirect Object Pronouns
Object pronouns replace the object of a sentence. Direct object pronouns (me, te, o, a, nos, vos, os, as) and indirect object pronouns (me, te, lhe, nos, vos, lhes).
| # | Subject | Direct Object | Indirect Object | Example | ترجمہ (Urdu) | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | eu | me | me | Ela me viu. / Ela me deu. | اس نے مجھے دیکھا۔ / اس نے مجھے دیا۔ | |
| 2 | tu | te | te | Eu te vi. / Eu te dei. | میں نے تمہیں دیکھا۔ / میں نے تمہیں دیا۔ | |
| 3 | você/ele/ela | o (m) / a (f) | lhe | Eu o/a vi. / Eu lhe dei. | میں نے اسے دیکھا۔ / میں نے اسے دیا۔ | |
| 4 | nós | nos | nos | Eles nos viram. / Eles nos deram. | انہوں نے ہمیں دیکھا۔ / انہوں نے ہمیں دیا۔ | |
| 5 | vós | vos | vos | Nós vos vimos. / Nós vos demos. | ہم نے تمہیں دیکھا۔ / ہم نے تمہیں دیا۔ | |
| 6 | vocês/eles/elas | os (m) / as (f) | lhes | Eu os/as vi. / Eu lhes dei. | میں نے انہیں دیکھا۔ / میں نے انہیں دیا۔ |
📌 Important:
• Object pronouns usually come before the verb in Portuguese.
• In Brazil, você uses "lhe" for indirect object, but "te" is common in informal speech.
📍 Prepositional Pronouns
Prepositional pronouns are used after prepositions (com, para, de, a, etc.).
| # | Pronoun | Meaning | Example | Translation | ترجمہ (Urdu) | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mim | me | para mim | for me | میرے لیے | |
| 2 | ti | you | para ti | for you | تمہارے لیے | |
| 3 | ele | him | para ele | for him | اس کے لیے | |
| 4 | ela | her | para ela | for her | اس کے لیے | |
| 5 | nós | us | para nós | for us | ہمارے لیے | |
| 6 | vós | you (pl.) | para vós | for you | تم لوگوں کے لیے | |
| 7 | eles | them (m) | para eles | for them | ان کے لیے | |
| 8 | elas | them (f) | para elas | for them | ان کے لیے |
📌 Important:
• Com + mim = comigo | Com + ti = contigo
• Com + ele = com ele | Com + ela = com ela
• Com + nós = conosco | Com + vocês = com vocês
🔄 Reflexive Pronouns
Reflexive pronouns are used with reflexive verbs (levantar-se, lavar-se, etc.). They refer back to the subject.
| # | Subject | Reflexive Pronoun | Example | Translation | ترجمہ (Urdu) | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | eu | me | Eu me lavo. | I wash myself. | میں خود کو دھوتا ہوں۔ | |
| 2 | tu | te | Tu te lavas. | You wash yourself. | تم خود کو دھوتے ہو۔ | |
| 3 | você/ele/ela | se | Ele se lava. | He washes himself. | وہ خود کو دھوتا ہے۔ | |
| 4 | nós | nos | Nós nos lavamos. | We wash ourselves. | ہم خود کو دھوتے ہیں۔ | |
| 5 | vocês/eles/elas | se | Eles se lavam. | They wash themselves. | وہ خود کو دھوتے ہیں۔ |
📌 Note:
• Reflexive pronouns come before the verb.
• In infinitive forms, the pronoun is attached to the end: lavar-se.
🔗 Preposition + Pronoun Contractions
Some prepositions contract with articles and pronouns.
| # | Preposition | + o/a | + os/as | + ele/ela | + eles/elas | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | a | ao / à | aos / às | a ele / a ela | a eles / a elas | |
| 2 | de | do / da | dos / das | dele / dela | deles / delas | |
| 3 | em | no / na | nos / nas | nele / nela | neles / nelas | |
| 4 | por | pelo / pela | pelos / pelas | por ele / por ela | por eles / por elas |
📌 Examples:
• Vou ao mercado. (I'm going to the market.)
• O livro é dele. (The book is his.)
• Estou no carro. (I'm in the car.)
📖 Important Rules
• a + o = ao
• de + o = do
• em + o = no
• por + o = pelo
حروفِ جار اور حروفِ تعریف کا ملاپ
• "Eu o vi." (I saw him.)
• "Ela me deu." (She gave me.)
In affirmative commands, they come after.
• "Dê-me!" (Give me!)
مفعولی ضمائر فعل سے پہلے
• "Isso é para mim." (This is for me.)
• "Venha com igo!" (Come with me!)
حروفِ جار کے بعد استعمال ہونے والے ضمائر
• Eu me lavo.
• Ele se veste.
• Nós nos levantamos.
They come before the conjugated verb.
انعکاسی ضمائر
📝 Practice Tips:
- Learn prepositions: Practice using a, para, de, em, com in sentences.
- Practice contractions: Memorize the contractions of prepositions with articles.
- Practice object pronouns: Replace direct and indirect objects with pronouns.
- Practice prepositional pronouns: Use mim, ti, ele, ela after prepositions.
- Practice reflexive verbs: Use reflexive pronouns with common reflexive verbs.
- Listen and repeat: Use the audio buttons to hear each word and practice repeating it.
💡 Quick Reference — Key Prepositions: