Prepositions & Pronouns - French Grammar

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📍 Prepositions & Pronouns — Prepositions are words that show relationships between nouns/pronouns and other words in a sentence (time, place, direction). Pronouns replace nouns to avoid repetition. This lesson covers common prepositions and direct object, indirect object, reflexive, and prepositional pronouns with pronunciation guides in Urdu and English.

🔊 Click the Listen button next to each word to hear the pronunciation using Text-to-Speech.

💡 Key Rule: Object pronouns (me, te, le, la, nous, vous, les) come before the verb in French (unlike English). Prepositional pronouns (moi, toi, lui, etc.) come after prepositions.

📍 Common Prepositions

Essential prepositions of time, place, and movement.

#	Preposition	Pronunciation (English)	تلفظ (Urdu)	Meaning (English)	معنی (Urdu)
1	à	ah	آ	at / to / in	پر / کو / میں
2	dans	don	دون	in / inside	میں / اندر
3	sur	soor	سور	on / upon	پر (اوپر)
4	sous	soo	سو	under	نیچے
5	devant	duh-von	دو وون	in front of	سامنے
6	derrière	deh-ree-air	ڈی ریئیر	behind	پیچھے
7	entre	on-truh	اونتر	between	درمیان
8	avec	ah-vek	آ ویک	with	ساتھ
9	sans	son	سون	without	بغیر
10	pour	poor	پور	for	لیے
11	chez	shay	شے	at the place of	کے پاس
12	vers	vair	ویر	towards	کی طرف

📌 Note:

• à + le = au | à + les = aux

• de + le = du | de + les = des

🎯 Direct Object Pronouns

Direct object pronouns replace the direct object (the person or thing that receives the action). They come before the verb.

#	Pronoun	Meaning	Example	Translation	ترجمہ (Urdu)
1	me (m')	me	Il me voit.	He sees me.	وہ مجھے دیکھتا ہے۔
2	te (t')	you	Je te vois.	I see you.	میں تمہیں دیکھتا ہوں۔
3	le (l')	him / it (masc.)	Je le vois.	I see him/it.	میں اسے دیکھتا ہوں۔
4	la (l')	her / it (fem.)	Je la vois.	I see her/it.	میں اسے دیکھتا ہوں۔
5	nous	us	Il nous voit.	He sees us.	وہ ہمیں دیکھتا ہے۔
6	vous	you (pl.)	Je vous vois.	I see you.	میں آپ کو دیکھتا ہوں۔
7	les	them	Je les vois.	I see them.	میں انہیں دیکھتا ہوں۔

📌 Rule: Direct object pronouns come before the conjugated verb.

• In passé composé: Je l'ai vu. (I saw him/it.)

🎯 Indirect Object Pronouns

Indirect object pronouns replace the indirect object (to/for whom the action is done). They also come before the verb.

#	Pronoun	Meaning	Example	Translation	ترجمہ (Urdu)
1	me (m')	to me	Il me parle.	He speaks to me.	وہ مجھ سے بات کرتا ہے۔
2	te (t')	to you	Je te donne le livre.	I give you the book.	میں تمہیں کتاب دیتا ہوں۔
3	lui	to him / her	Je lui parle.	I speak to him/her.	میں اس سے بات کرتا ہوں۔
4	nous	to us	Il nous parle.	He speaks to us.	وہ ہم سے بات کرتا ہے۔
5	vous	to you (pl.)	Je vous parle.	I speak to you.	میں آپ سے بات کرتا ہوں۔
6	leur	to them	Je leur parle.	I speak to them.	میں ان سے بات کرتا ہوں۔

📌 Difference:

• Direct object: Je vois Marie. → Je la vois.

• Indirect object: Je parle à Marie. → Je lui parle.

🔄 Reflexive Pronouns

Reflexive pronouns are used with reflexive verbs (se laver, se lever, etc.). They refer back to the subject.

#	Pronoun	Meaning	Example	Translation	ترجمہ (Urdu)
1	me (m')	myself	Je me lave.	I wash myself.	میں خود کو دھوتا ہوں۔
2	te (t')	yourself	Tu te lèves.	You get up.	تو اٹھتا ہے۔
3	se (s')	himself/herself	Il se lave.	He washes himself.	وہ خود کو دھوتا ہے۔
4	nous	ourselves	Nous nous lavons.	We wash ourselves.	ہم خود کو دھوتے ہیں۔
5	vous	yourselves	Vous vous levez.	You get up.	آپ اٹھتے ہیں۔
6	se (s')	themselves	Ils se lèvent.	They get up.	وہ اٹھتے ہیں۔

📌 Note:

• Reflexive verbs are conjugated with être in passé composé.

• The past participle agrees with the subject.

📍 Prepositional Pronouns

Prepositional pronouns are used after prepositions (à, chez, avec, pour, etc.) and for emphasis.

#	Pronoun	Meaning	Example	Translation	ترجمہ (Urdu)
1	moi	me	Il parle à moi.	He speaks to me.	وہ مجھ سے بات کرتا ہے۔
2	toi	you	Je viens chez toi.	I come to your place.	میں تمہارے پاس آتا ہوں۔
3	lui	him	Je pense à lui.	I think about him.	میں اس کے بارے میں سوچتا ہوں۔
4	elle	her	Je parle avec elle.	I speak with her.	میں اس کے ساتھ بات کرتا ہوں۔
5	nous	us	Il est avec nous.	He is with us.	وہ ہمارے ساتھ ہے۔
6	vous	you (pl.)	Je viens chez vous.	I come to your place.	میں آپ کے پاس آتا ہوں۔
7	eux	them (masc.)	Je suis avec eux.	I am with them.	میں ان کے ساتھ ہوں۔
8	elles	them (fem.)	Je suis avec elles.	I am with them (f).	میں ان کے ساتھ ہوں۔

📌 Difference:

• Object pronouns (me, te, le, la, nous, vous, les) → before the verb.

• Prepositional pronouns (moi, toi, lui, elle, nous, vous, eux, elles) → after prepositions.

📖 Important Rules

📌 Object Pronoun Order

me, te, se, nous, vous

Order: me/te/se → le/la/les → lui/leur → y → en

• "Je le lui donne." (I give it to him.)
• "Il me l'a donné." (He gave it to me.)
ضمائر کی ترتیب

🎯 Direct vs Indirect

le / lui

Direct object: le, la, les
• Je vois le livre. → Je le vois.

Indirect object: lui, leur
• Je parle à Marie. → Je lui parle.
مفعول براہِ راست اور غیر براہِ راست

🔄 Reflexive Verbs

se laver

Rule: Reflexive verbs use the reflexive pronoun before the verb.
• Je me lave.
• Elle se brosse les dents.

In passé composé, they use être.
انعکاسی افعال

📍 Prepositional Pronouns

avec moi, chez toi

Rule: Use moi, toi, lui, elle, nous, vous, eux, elles after prepositions.
• avec moi
• chez toi
• pour elle
حروفِ جار کے بعد استعمال ہونے والے ضمائر

📝 Practice Tips:

Learn prepositions: Practice using à, dans, sur, sous, avec, etc. in sentences.
Practice object pronouns: Replace direct and indirect objects with pronouns.
Practice reflexive verbs: Use reflexive pronouns with common reflexive verbs.
Practice prepositional pronouns: Use moi, toi, lui, etc. after prepositions.
Learn pronoun order: Memorize the order of object pronouns.
Listen and repeat: Use the audio buttons to hear each word and practice repeating it.

💡 Quick Reference — Pronouns:

Direct: me, te, le, la, nous, vous, les

Indirect: me, te, lui, nous, vous, leur

Reflexive: me, te, se, nous, vous, se

Prepositional: moi, toi, lui, elle, nous, vous, eux, elles